Kar, Kamal

Subsidy or self-respect? Community-led total sanitation: an awesome opportunity and responsibility

This very brief discussion note for the SACOSAN conference in Dhaka 2003, describes the concept of community-led total sanitation (CLTS). It looks at the realities, vision and challenges of CLTS in improving the wellbeing for many rural and/or poor communities. It gives short comments on what has happened so far; benefits; how the technique has developed and briefly how it works; shifts from target driven partial sanitation (TDPS) to CLTS; non-negotiable principles for CTLS; scaling up of CTLS; and potential of CTLS for the future.

Mobility of the people of the chars and river banks of Bangladesh: a study of Gaibandha District

This Mobility study was carried out in Bangladesh with a view to understanding Char dwellers' socially differentiated perceptions of mobility and the relationship between mobility and vulnerability. The study had two elements: mobility ranking and mobility mapping, and gathered information from NGO field staff and extensive field visits. Both tools were found to be effective in quickly understanding the issues related to mobility and vulnerability, though mobility ranking was found to be more powerful in involving members of all households present in active discussion and analysis.

Subsidy or self-respect? Participatory total community sanitation in Bangladesh

This working paper details a new community-led approach to sanitation in Bangladesh. Access to latrines in rural areas is less than 15 per cent. Despite many agencies having been involved in the provision of subsidised latrines and toilets over the last three decades very few villages are totally sanitised. This new approach concentrates on empowering local people to analyse the extent and risk of environmental pollution caused by open defecation, and to construct toilets without any external subsidies.

Self-Mobilized Water and Sanitation Programme in Bangladesh: a community empowerment approach

This study investigates the approach of VERC's WATSAN programme, which operates in different areas of Bangladesh. The project's aim is to achieve sanitised villages in every area it covers by the villagers themselves through a community empowerment approach. The study was therefore designed to look into questions related to water and sanitation using PRA tools.
The approach contained the following steps:
" Entry PRA to appraise the local situation of water and sanitation with the full participation of the villagers;

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