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ActionAid, Somaliland programme review June 1998 by Sanaag community based organisation.
Abstract
This document includes, details of the process used to review ActionAids programme in Somaliland and provides both a summary and details of the findings. The review was carried out by a group of both men and women composed of community based organisation members, village elders, staff from government institutions and other professionals. Mapping, interviews and small group discussions were used to elicit data on availability, relevance, accessibility, utilisation, coverage, quality, effort, efficiency and impact indicators.
Publisher
ActionAid
Amplifying children's voices on climate change: the role of participatory video
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Publisher
International Institute for Environment and Development
An End To Isolation: The Report of the Ogaden Needs Assessment Study 1991
Abstract
The Ogaden Needs Assessment Study was undertaken as a joint exercise between SCF(UK) and the Pastoral Surveillance Team of the RRC Early Warning and Planning Services. The trigger for the study was the influx into the Ogaden of thousands of returnees from Somalia and concern about capacity of the region to support the growing population. A rural sample survey was carried out using two helicopters. The objective was to establish the nutritional status of children and also to get data on grain production, consumption, sale and exchange, and the prospects of the food economy. The health data was obtained using standard anthropometric procedures, while socio-economic data was gathered by the use of questionnaires on key informants. The survey showed that the combined effects of the collapse of the livestock/grain trade and the continuing burden of the returnee population could result in a food crisis during the following dry season.
Publisher
SCF
Apprendiendo a enfrentar en forma práctica desastres como el Mitch: una guÝa metodológica de investigación
Abstract
Esta edici¾n de En Acci¾n de la organizaci¾n Vecinos Mundiales se concentra en los efectos del huracßn Mitch en 1998 y los 10 years' de lluvia que baj¾ en cinco dÝas trajo la devastaci¾n ambiental y agrÝcola a AmÚrica Central. Los Vecinos Mundiales habÝan trabajado por muchos a±os en la promoci¾n de la conservaci¾n del suelo y del agua; el huracßn proporcion¾ una oportunidad para estudiar la eficacia de este trabajo en combatir los efectos desastrosos de un clima potencialmente destructivo y este boletÝn de noticias da a detalles su trabajo. DecidÝan realizar Investigaci¾n Acci¾n Participativa (IAP), un nivel del estudio que permita no solamente la implicaci¾n de Úsos lo mßs afectados por el clima - la gente local û pero tambiÚn otros participantes que ampliaron su propio conocimiento de los mÚtodos y los resultados de la investigaci¾n. El sistema usado era un apareamiento de lo parcelas de tierras con caracterÝsticas similares tales como sitio y vegetaci¾n, pero que proporcionaron el comparte de datos con una comparaci¾n directa de la cultivaci¾n agro-ecol¾gica y lo convencional. Se invit¾ a otras organizaciones de participar en el estudio y formar equipos con los granjeros, y todos los participantes atendieron a un taller para aprender las metodologÝas. Los mÚtodos usados para analizar diversas variables tales como vertiente, grueso del suelo superior, textura, materia orgßnica, insectos y animales, vegetaci¾n, erosi¾n, derrumbamientos de tierra, y prßcticas de la conservaci¾n son detallados junto con los resultados y las lecciones aprendidos.
Publisher
World Neighbors
Apprendre a affronter des catastrophes telles que le cyclone Mitch: un guide de recherche méthodologique
Abstract
: Les effets de l'ouragan Mitch en 1998 et la pluie suivante qui est tombÚe en cinq jours de la valeur de 10 annÚes; a apportÚ la dÚvastation environnementale et agricole en AmÚrique Centrale. Les Voisins Mondiaux avaient travaillÚ pendant beaucoup d'annÚes sur la promotion de la conservation du sol et de lÆeau, et l'ouragan prÚsentait un moyen d'Útudier l'efficacitÚ de ce travail en combattant les effets dÚsastreux d'un climat potentiellement destructif ; ce bulletin donne les dÚtails de leur travail. Ils ont dÚcidÚ d'effectuer la Recherche Action Participative (RAP), un niveau d'Útude qui non seulement permet la participation de celles le plus considÚrablement affectÚs par le climat - les personnes locales - mais dÆautres participants qui ont augmentÚ leur propre connaissance par les mÚthodes et les rÚsultats de recherches. Le systÞme utilisÚ Útait un appareillement des parcelles de terrain avec les caractÚristiques semblables telles que l'endroit et la vÚgÚtation, mais qui ont fourni un partage des donnÚes par une comparaison directe de lÆagriculture Úcologique et celui conventionnelle. Des autres organismes ont ÚtÚ invitÚs pour participer Ó l'Útude et pour former des Úquipes avec les fermiers, et tous les participants ont participÚs Ó un atelier pour apprendre des mÚthodologies. Les mÚthodes utilisÚes pour analyser les diffÚrentes variables telles que la pente, lÆÚpaisseur du sol supÚrieure, la texture, la matiÞre organique, les insecte et les animaux, la vÚgÚtation, l'Úrosion, les Úboulements du terre, et les pratiques de la conservation sont dÚtaillÚs avec les rÚsultats et les leþons appris.
Publisher
World Neighbors
Assessing damage after disasters: a participatory framework and toolkit
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Assessing the need to manage conflict in community-based natural resource projects
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Abstract
This issue of Natural Resource Perspectives from ODI (Overseas Development Institute) considers the role of æconflict management assessment in community-based natural resource projects. The importance of conducting an assessment of the potential for conflict and its management in relation to a project intervention is stressed, and an assessment framework described. Within this framework the advantages of managing conflict through a consensual æwin-winÆ process of stakeholder negotiation are discussed. The following policy conclusions are made. Interventions to assist in the management of conflict within community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) should be preceded by a æconflict management assessment (CMA). This assessment should consider: (a) whether the conflict is likely to overwhelm the existing customary, institutional and legal approaches to conflict management, and if so whether it is appropriate to try to strengthen these; (b) whether, if the conflict is left alone, new conflict management mechanisms will organically materialise within an acceptable time-frame; and (c) whether the long-term benefits of allowing the conflict to transform itself into a positive force for social reform are outweighed by the short-term costs. Interventions for improved conflict management should be guided by an overall strategy which considers the full range of management options. Capacity building is a critical component of effective conflict management and a process of stakeholder negotiations is where the most creative and durable solutions will be found. Two factors support consensual æwin-winÆ negotiations as an effective strategy for managing conflicts in CBNRM: (a) the multi-stakeholder nature of such conflicts; and (b) the common ground that exists for sustaining renewable natural resources. Implementation of an overall strategy of conflict management will need to be periodically monitored to ensure that new external forces are neutral to the conflict, and that either a ædo-nothingÆ strategy is having the expected impact, or that the commitments embodied in a negotiated agreement are implemented in full and are effective.
Publisher
ODI
Associations locales de gestion des ressources naturelles du Kelka, Mali
Abstract
Apres quatre annees d'activites relatives a la gestion des ressources naturelles et a la resolution de conflits, le programme d'amenagement et de gestion des ressources naturelles (PAGRN) a entrepris de mars a avril 1996 une evaluation des institutions locales. Il s'agit d'un inventaire institutionnel qui vise a analyse les forces et faiblesses des associations locales afin d'identifier et de programmer les appuis necessaires leur renforcement. Cette analyse repose sur les resultats d'enquetes menees a partir d'un guide d'entretien dans les treize villages du Kelka, Mali.
Publisher
International Institute for Environment and Development
Authority, Gender and Knowledge: Theoretical Reflections on Participatory Rural Appraisal
Abstract
This article explores constraints encountered when using PRA on an ODA-funded natural resources project in a tribal area of Western India. It was particularly evident that women's participation in the PRAs was minimal. The reasons for this were practical (women were not available collectively for long periods of time & there were few women fieldworkers as the project had just begun), social (PRA activities tended to take place in public places where women felt awkward) and methodological (women respond to PRA activities in different ways, sometimes feeling bored and "communicating by singing instead"). The author argues that an organised PRA "gives privilege to certain kinds of knowledge and representation and suppresses others" : the emphasis given to formal knowledge and activities tends to "reinforce the invisibility of women's roles". However, once the formal and public nature of PRA is perceived as a problem, it can become a means by which "women's knowledge and activities.. can be transferred from the informal to the formal arena of project planning", thereby increasing women's profile. Suggestions for encouraging women's participation in PRA include: making non-public contexts (since women are more used to the "private sphere"), using women's knowledge and ways of communicating (songs, sayings, proverbs). There are constraints: the "production of observable outputs (maps, diagrams of PRA) have more status for fieldworkers" than scribbled songs or informal interview notes and women's expressed needs (eg a flour mill) "don't fit easily into established categories of natural resource development".
Bringing the vertical dimension to the negotiating table: preliminary assessment of a conflict resolution case in the Philippines
Abstract
Since time immemorial humans have been increasingly competing for natural resources. Their occurrence and access have been used to exert power and authority, influence and enact policies and decisions concerning public life, and economic and social development. From as early as 2200 BC, humans have tried to document and legalise rights to resources with the use of maps, a geographic representation of the earth that has since been considered as an authoritative reference, and accorded due (and sometimes undue) respect and credibility. In managing conflicts bound to the territory, the use of maps is widespread and helps locate and visualise the source of disagreements, which frequently involves boundaries defining the geographical scope of resource use and tenure. Processes leading to consensual conflict resolution are complex and articulated and need the concurrence of several factors to lead the contenders to consider the solution of the conflict from broader perspectives.
In remote, poorly served areas, community-based mapping methods can help in addressing boundary issues through the visualization of the landscape, associated land uses and settlement pattern. In the Philippines, the use of 3-D models began in 1993. Integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Participatory 3-D Modelling (P3DM) has been used among indigenous peoples under the auspices of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and lately, of the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process (OPAPP). This article discusses how the method has contributed to a successfully conflict resolution case in the Cordillera Region of the Philippines.